Journal of Pharmacology Experiment and Pharmaceutical Technology
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KASTURI (Mangifera casturi kosterm) TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR HIPERLIPIDEMIA PADA MENCIT PUTIH (Mus musculus)
Hyperlipidemia is a condition characterized by increased lipid levels in the blood, which is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and strokes. Therefore, an alternative treatment therapy using natural ingredients is needed, specifically by using kasturi leaves, which are known to contain secondary metabolic compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins that can lower hyperlipidemia levels. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of ethanol extract from kasturi leaves (Mangifera casturi Kosterm) in reducing hyperlipidemia levels in white mice (Mus musculus). This research uses a pure experimental method. A total of 25 male white mice were induced with quail egg yolk. The treatments were divided into five groups: negative control (NA CMC), positive control (simvastatin), and three doses of ethanol extract from kasturi leaves (14 mg/20g BB, 28 mg/20g BB, and 56 mg/20g BB). Data analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA. The results of this study showed that the ethanol extract of the leavesThe results of this study indicate that the ethanol extract of kasturi leaves is effective in reducing hyperlipidemia levels in white mice, with a dosage of 56 mg/20g of body weight showing an effectiveness of 22.03%, and a decrease comparable to simvastatin 10 mg, which is a dose of 28 mg/20g of body weight.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tyananda Sahara, Anita Ratna Dilla, Nur Mahdi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI DARI EKSTRAK KOMBINASI DAUN KASTURI (Mangifera casturi) DAN DAUN KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis) TERHADAP BAKTERI Propionibacterium acnes
Acne is a common skin disorder worldwide, with a prevalence of 9.4%, mainly affecting adolescents. A key factor is Propionibacterium acnes, which has developed resistance to several antibiotics. This highlights the need for safe, natural alternatives. Kasturi mango leaves (Mangifera casturi) and oil palm leaves (Elaeis guineensis) leaves contain flavonoids and saponins with antibacterial potential. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of their combined extracts against P. acnes. The research used an experimental design with the disc diffusion method. Seven groups were tested: single extract of kasturi mango leaves, single extract of oil palm leaves, combinations I (1:2), II (2:4), III (4:4), positive control (erythromycin), and negative control (sterile distilled water). Data were analyzed using SPSS to assess statistical differences. Results showed weak antibacterial activity from the combined extracts. The highest effect, combination III (4:4; 80 mg EDK : 80 mg EDKS), produced a 4.5 mm inhibition zone, still lower than the positive control. This suggests the tested concentrations were insufficient to suppress P. acnes. The Kruskal–Wallis test produced a p-value of 0.014 (p < 0.05), confirming significant differences among groups. Further studies should test higher single-extract concentrations before combining, to optimize antibacterial effects against P. acnes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mardhatillah Mardhatillah, Nur Mahdi, Anita Ratna Dilla (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL BATANG BROTOWALI (Tinospora crispa L.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus epidemidis
Skin disease is a fairly common and serious health problem in Indonesia. This problem can occur due to a lack of public awareness of health, resulting in the transmission of diseases, including skin health disorders, such as Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria. This bacteria causes swelling like acne. One of the plants commonly used is the Brotowali plant. This study aims to determine the antibacterial effectiveness of the ethanol extract of Brotowali stems (Tinospora crisa L.) in inhibiting the growth of Staphyloccocus epidermidis. The method used is an experimental method with a disc diffusion test method. The bacteria used are Staphyloccocus epidermidis bacteria. The test is divided into 5 treatment groups, namely a negative control of sterile distilled water, a positive control of tetracycline, dose I, dose II and dose III. The results of the inhibition zone diameter are indicated by the appearance of a clear area on the disk and data analysis using the ANOVA test followed by the LSD test. The results of the antibacterial inhibition zone diameter in each group were, positive control 19.28 mm, dose I 5.52 mm, dose II 7.88 mm, and dose III 15.32 mm. The results of the Anova test data analysis obtained an antibacterial p-value of 0.015 (α <0.05) there was a significant difference, while the results of the LSD test in the test obtained positive control results with all doses I, II, and III significantly different in inhibiting the growth of the bacteria.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sulistiyani Rahmawati, Andi Andi Zsazsa Rafiatul Mukhlis, Raisha Hamiddani Syaiful, Rahmayani Maghfirah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
NARRATIVE REVIEW : KAJIAN KANDUNGAN SENYAWA FLAVONOID DAN FENOLIK PADA TANAMAN MANGGA KASTURI (Mangifera Casturi Kosterm.)
Kasturi mango, also known as Mangifera casturi Kosterm. is a plant endemic to Kalimantan that has great potential as a source of bioactive compounds, especially flavonoids and phenolics. These two compounds are known to perform various biological functions, including antioxidants, antibacterials, and anti-inflammatory. The aim of this study was to study and summarize scientific evidence on the content of flavonoids and phenolics in various parts of the kasturi mango plant. The method used included understanding scientific literature from 2013–2025 from bold databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to select the collected articles; the result was 30 articles that were evaluated descriptively. The results showed that flavonoids and phenolics were found in the leaves, bark, fruit peel, seeds, and fruit of kasturi mango through qualitative and quantitative analyses. The leaves are the part of the plant with the highest flavonoid and phenolic content. Thus, kasturi mango has great potential to be developed as a source of natural antioxidants and raw materials for natural-based health products.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eka Purnama Sari, Indah Taufiqoh, Reski Tiku Sarampang, Yasmin Shopiah, Nur Mahdi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
FORMULASI DAN EVALUASI STABILITAS FISIK SEDIAAN KRIM PELEMBAB WAJAH MENGANDUNG EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis. Jacq.)
Ethanol extract of oil palm leaves (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is known to have antioxidant activity that has the potential to be developed as an active ingredient in facial moisturizing cosmetics. This study aims to formulate ethanol extract of oil palm leaves into a facial moisturizing cream preparation and evaluate the physical characteristics and stability of the preparation. The study was conducted experimentally in a laboratory with four formulas, namely F0 (0%), FI (0.0133%), F2 (0.0266%), F3 (0.0399%) of oil palm leaf extract. Evaluation of the preparation included organoleptic tests, homogeneity, pH, spreadability and viscosity during 28 days of storage at room temperature. The results showed that all formulas were semi-solid, homogeneous, and organoleptically stable without changes in color, odor, or phase separation during storage. The pH value of all formulas was in the range of 6-7 cm and the viscosity met the requirements of a cream preparation. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences in spreadability and viscosity between the formulas (p>0.05). Based on the research results, the ethanol extract of oil palm leaves can be formulated into a facial moisturizing cream with good characteristics and stability.
Copyright (c) 2026 Halimatus Sa'diah, Ani Agustina, Nur Mahdi, Deni Setiawan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Identification of Secondary Metabolite Compounds in Black Mangrove Leaves (Rhizophora mucronata Lamk.)
Indonesia has a very large mangrove forest area, reaching nearly 3.5 million hectares or about 25% of the world’s total mangrove forests, with one of the dominant species being Rhizophora apiculata which grows in muddy tropical coastal areas. Plant extracts are a potential source of natural antimicrobial compounds because they contain various active substances with bacteriostatic properties that can be utilized as alternative therapies. This study aimed to identify the phytochemical metabolite compounds contained in mangrove leaf extract. The research design used in this study was a laboratory experimental design with a qualitative approach including the identification of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids. The results of the study showed that the phytochemical screening carried out on the mangrove leaf extract indicated the presence of several secondary metabolites, namely flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, which showed positive results in each test. These results conclude that mangrove leaf extract contains phytochemical metabolites including flavonoids, tannins, and saponins.
Copyright (c) 2026 Teguh Adiyas Putra, Mariam Ulfah, Nanda Satria Nugraha, Putri Nur Fauziyah, Zahrotun Nisa (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
POTENSI FRAKSI ETIL ASETAT KULIT BUAH RENGGAK (AMOMUN DEALBATUM ROXB) SEBAGAI AGEN ANTIBAKTERI
Tanaman renggak (Amomun dealbatum Roxb) merupakan tanaman yang tergolong dalam jenis tumbuhan aromatik yang termasuk dalam suku jahe – jahean, tanaman ini mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder berupa flavonoid, Tanin, Alkoloid, Saponin, Steroid yang memiliki potensi sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji potensi fraksi kulit buah dari tanaman renggak sebagai antibakteri dengan variasi konsentrasi 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% terhadap bakteri staphylococcus aureus dan pseudomonas aeruginosa. Fraksinasi dilakukan menggunakan metode fraksi cair – cair, dan pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan menggunakan difusi sumuran. Hasil pengujian fraksi pada bakteri staphyloccoccus aureus pada konsentrasi 10%, 20%, 30% dan 40 % masing masing memilik daya hambat sebesar 11,45 mm, 12,19 mm, 13,62 mm, 15,38 mm dan pada bakteri peudomonas aeruginosa masing masing sebersar 8,24 mm, 9,23 mm, 11,16 mm, 12,63 mm, hal ini menunjukan bahwa tanaman renggak memiliki potensi sebagai antibakteri.
antibakteri, daya hambat, fraksi etil asetat, renggak
Copyright (c) 2026 Puspawan Hariadi, Widia Hidayati, Tri Puspita Yuliana, Baiq Maylinda Gemantari, Erma Ewisa Oktresia, Fitriwati Sovia (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
FORMULASI DAN UJI EFEKTIVITAS SEDIAAN LOTION ANTIOKSIDAN DARI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SUNGKAI (Peronema Canescens Jack.)
Perawatan kulit penting untuk melindungi kulit dari sinar ultraviolet, oleh karena itu kulit harus selalu dijaga kebersihan, kesehatan, dan perawatannya. Salah satu perawatan kulit yang umum digunakan untuk tubuh adalah lotion yang baik untuk kulit dan dapat melindungi kulit dari sinar ultraviolet dan radikal bebas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol daun sungkai (Peronema Canescens jack) menggunakan metode DPPH dengan konsentrasi 15 ppm, 30 ppm, 45 ppm, 60 ppm, dan 75 ppm. Nilai IC50 yang diperoleh adalah 13,661 ppm. Penelitian dimulai dengan pembuatan simplisia kemudian ekstrak yang diperoleh diuji untuk skrining fitokimia dan uji aktivitas antioksidan dan dilanjutkan dengan pembuatan formulasi lotion yang dibuat dengan empat konsentrasi, yaitu F0 (Basis), F1 (0,0015%), F2 (0,003%), dan F3 (0,0045%). Lotion tersebut kemudian diuji untuk evaluasi stabilitas fisik melalui uji organoleptik, homogenitas, pH, dan dispersibilitas. Hasil pengujian antioksidan menggunakan metode DPPH dengan konsentrasi 15 ppm, 30 ppm, 45 ppm, 60 ppm dan 75 ppm memperoleh hasil IC50 dari ekstrak etanol daun sungkai sebesar 13,661 ppm (sangat kuat). Sedangkan hasil uji evaluasi penambahan ekstrak etanol daun sungkai pada preparat tersebut terdapat perbedaan pada uji adhesi. Berdasarkan hasil uji stabilitas fisik, dapat dilihat bahwa formula F1 adalah formula terbaik, dilihat dari hasil uji adhesi yang menunjukkan bahwa formula F1 lebih baik daripada preparat lainnya, sedangkan hasil uji lainnya tidak signifikan
Copyright (c) 2026 Nur Syamsiah, Nur Mahdi, Ani Agustina (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
FORMULASI SABUN CAIR PEMBERSIH TANGAN EKSTRAK ETANOL 96% DAUN BINTARO (Cerbera odollam)
Daun Bintaro (Cerbera odollam) adalah tanaman yang mampu menghambat Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, dan Escherichia coli dengan kandungan flavanoid, alkaloid, saponin, fenol, tanin dan terpenoid. Dalam penggunaan secara tradisonal, daun Bintaro berfungsi sebagai obat demam kejang. Tujuan penelitian yaitu untuk mengetahui uji sifat fisik secara optimal dan pengaruh konsentrasi ekstrak daun Bintaro (Cerbera odollam). Jenis penelitian menggunakan true eksperimental laboratory. Ekstraksi daun Bintaro menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96%. Formulasi menggunakan tiga konsentrasi, yaitu 4%, 5%, dan 6%. Parameter uji sifat fisik yaitu uji pH, penyimpanan suhu ruang, viskositas, ketinggian busa, dan alkali bebas atau asam lemak bebas, lalu dilanjutkan dengan analisis data menggunakan uji Anova dan Kruskal-Wallis. Hasil sifat fisik menunjukkan uji organoleptis mengalami perubahan pada warna dan tekstur yang awalnya hijau kehitaman dan cair menjadi coklat kehitaman dan kental. pada uji ketinggian busa sediaan 4% dan 6% ada dua dari empat penyimpanan suhu ruang yang tidak memenuhi syarat, namun jika dihitung dengan rata-rata tetap memenuhi syarat. Semua konsentrasi pada uji sifat fisik telah memenuhi syarat SNI dan tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan berdasarkan software spss (> 0.05). Kata kunci: Daun Bintaro, sabun cair, formulasi, sifat fisik, Cerbera odollam
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Hadiannoor, Andi Zsazsa Rafiatul Mukhlis, Raisha Hamiddani Syaiful (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Qualitative Analysis of Secondary Metabolites in Beetroot Extract (Beta vulgaris L.) through Phytochemical Screening
Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) is a plant rich in bioactive compounds and has significant potential for development in the pharmaceutical field as a natural antioxidant source and raw material for health related products. Secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids play an important role in providing biological activities; therefore, their identification is necessary to determine their pharmacological potential. However, scientific information regarding the profile of secondary metabolites in beetroot extract through phytochemical screening remains limited and requires further investigation. This study aimed to analyze the presence of secondary metabolites in beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) extract through qualitative phytochemical screening. The research employed a laboratory experimental method, with extraction carried out using the maceration technique for three days with 96% ethanol as the solvent. A total of 200 grams of beetroot simplicia were extracted to obtain a concentrated extract, which was subsequently subjected to phytochemical analysis. The screening included the identification of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, steroids-terpenoids, and betacyanin, conducted in triplicate with one blank sample. The results indicated that the beetroot extract positively contained all identified secondary metabolites, suggesting that beetroot has strong potential as a natural source of bioactive compounds and promising applications in the pharmaceutical field.
Copyright (c) 2026 Teguh Adiyas Putra, Silvia Ainnur Rahmah, Dita Maharani, Dini Rizkiyatul Auliyah, Ade Irawan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EXPLORING THE ANTIDIABETIC POTENTIAL OF LANGSAT (Lansium Domesticum L.): A COMBINED EXTRACT APPROACH IN VIVO
Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic condition caused by increased blood glucose levels due to the body no longer being able to produce enough insulin hormone or use insulin effectively. Traditional medicine has long used Langsat, a native plant of Indonesia. Langsat is widely used by the community in treating various diseases, including as a worm medicine, fever medicine, diarrhoea medicine, and cancer medicine. This study aims to find out how well a mix of antidiabetics works with EKDL (Lansium domesticum L) in lowering blood sugar levels in male white mice (Mus musculus) and to figure out the best dose of EKDL for reducing blood sugar in the mice. Experimental research method using 35 white male mice divided into 7 groups, each group containing 5 mice, namely negative control, positive control, EK, ED, EKKDL 1:1, EKKDL 2:1, and EKKDL 1:2. The results of the ANOVA test of the EKKDL dose 1:2 (200 mg / 240 mg / kgBW) were effective in reducing blood sugar levels in mice. Analysis of blood sugar level data of mice using paired T-tests and post hoc. The results of the paired t-test showed a significant difference in blood sugar levels after treatment (p <0.005) and the results of the post hoc test showed that there was a significant difference (p < 0.005) and there was no significant difference (p > 0.005) between all EKKDL in reducing blood sugar levels in mice. The combination of langsat skin and leaf extract (Lansium domesticum L.) has effectiveness in reducing blood sugar levels in experimental animals.
DM, Glucose, Lansium domesticum, Langsat, Extract
Copyright (c) 2025 Juliana Handyka Rosanty Hutasoit, Andi Zsazsa Rafiatul Muklis, Nur Mahdi https://creativecommons.org/licenses
Formulation and Evaluation of the Physical Stability of Liquid Soap Preparations with Sonneratia caseolaris Leaf Extract
Red pidada leaf (Sonneratia caseolaris L.) is a plant that has benefits as an antioxidant with active compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, and saponins. Usually the local community uses this plant as a wet pupur. The purpose of this study was to determine whether red pidada leaves can be formulated into a liquid soap preparation that meets the requirements of physical properties and stability evaluation. This type of research is true experimental laboratory. Extraction of red pidada leaves is carried out by maceration using ethanol as a solvent. The formulation used three extract concentrations, namely F1 (2%), F2 (4%), and F3 (8%). Parameters carried out in the form of physical properties testing, including organoleptic test, pH, specific gravity, viscosity, foam resistance and stability testing with the cycling test method. The results of organoleptic physical properties testing on the three formulations showed that the F1 preparation was light brown, F2 brown, and F3 dark brown, had a distinctive aroma and had a liquid consistency in F1 and slightly thick in F2 and F3. Testing of pH, specific gravity, viscosity and foam resistance in the three formulations has met the requirements, except for the specific gravity test in the F3 preparation. Testing with the cycling test method has affected the evaluation of physical properties in the three formulations which causes a very thick consistency in the preparation. So that the tests that meet the requirements are only the pH and foam resistance tests, while the specific gravity is only in the F1 preparation.
Formulation, Sonneratia caseolaris Leaf, Liquid Soap, Physical Properties, Stability
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Syarif Hidayatullah, Andi Zsazsa Rafiatul Muklis, S.Si., M.Biomed, apt. Raisha Hamiddani S., S.Farm., M.Sc., apt. Nur Mahdi, M.Farm https://creativecommons.org/licenses
Effectiveness Test Antidiarrhea of the Combination of Ziziphus Mauritiana Leaves and Curcuma Domestica Rhizome on Male Mice (Mus musculus)
Diarrhea is a disease that experiences an increase in fecal mass and the number of bowel movements is more than 4 times per day. Synthetic drugs are often used to treat diarrhea, but they often cause dangerous side effects. Bidara leaves (Ziziphus mauritiana) and turmeric rhizomes (Curcuma domestica) are often used as alternative treatments to treat diarrhea because they contain potential diarrheal drugs. The purpose of this study is to determine the antidiarrheal effect of a combination of bidara leaf ethanol extract (BLEE) and turmeric rhizome ethanol extract (TREE) on male mice that were given PO with oleum ricini. The research method used was experimental with the induction of oleum ricini diarrhea with a combination dose of EEDB and EERK 4mg:2mg/20grBB, 2mg:4mg/20grBB and 4mg:4mg/20grBB. The results of the study with One Way ANOVA with a confidence level of 95% in this study were < 0.05 which means that there was a significant difference and continued LSD tests in all combination groups obtained a meaningful difference with the positive control group (attapulgite). The results of the study concluded that the combination of bidara leaves (Ziziphus mauritiana) and turmeric rhizomes (Curcuma domestica) had a stronger antidiarrheal effect than positive control (attapulgite).
Antidiarrheal, bidara leaves, combination, effectiveness, turmeric rhizome.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rita Muliyani, Andi Zsazsa Rafiatul Muklis, S.Si., M.Biomed, Apt. Nur Mahdi, M.Farm https://creativecommons.org/licenses
Formulation and Evaluation of the Physical Properties of Clay Mask Containing Ethanol Extract of Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus) Leaves
The demand for natural-based cosmetic products continues to increase due to their perceived safety and minimal side effects. Kenikir leaves (Cosmos caudatus Kunth) are known to contain active compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, and phenols, which have antioxidant potential and can be utilized in facial mask preparations. This study aims to formulate a clay mask preparation from the ethanol extract of kenikir leaves and evaluate its physical properties. The extract was obtained through maceration using 96% ethanol, and then formulated into three concentrations: F1 (0.5%), F2 (1%), and F3 (2%). The evaluation of the preparation included organoleptic tests, adhesion test, spreadability test, and pH measurement. The results showed that F1 had a pH of 6, adhesion time of 2 seconds, and spreadability of 5.3 cm. F2 had a pH of 6, adhesion time of 2 seconds, and spreadability of 5.2 cm. F3 had a pH of 6, adhesion time of 4.6 seconds, and spreadability of 5 cm. The evaluation results indicated that all clay mask formulations met the physical quality criteria for clay masks.
Clay Mask, Cosmos caudatus Leaves, Formulation
Copyright (c) 2025 Puspawan Hariadi, Rina Sri Apriani, Baiq Maylinda Gemantari, Tri Puspita Yuliana, Erma Ewisa Oktresia, Fitriwati Sovia (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
NATURAL WEAPON AGAINST DENGUE: LARVICIDAL EFFICACY OF PAPAYA (Carica Papaya L.) FRUIT PEEL ETHANOL EXTRACT ON AEDES ALBOPICTUS
Dengue or, as it is commonly known, dengue fever, has become a public health problem in the world, not only in Indonesia. Until now, dengue disease is still not well controlled. Dengue fever is caused by Aedes argypi and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of papaya peel extract (Carica papaya L) against Aedes albopictus mosquito larvae. This study is an experimental study of post test only control group design using 600 Aedes albopictus larvae. This study used papaya peel extract with 6 concentration treatment groups of 0.4 mg/ml, 0.8 mg/ml, 0.12 mg/ml, 0.16 mg/ml, positive control group and negative control group. Observations were made 24 hours after treatment and larval mortality was calculated every 1 hour. The results showed that the average larval mortality at a concentration of 0.4 mg/ml was 6.25%, concentration of 0.8 mg/ml was 8.25%, concentration of 0.12 mg/ml was 10.75%, at a concentration of 0.16 mg/ml was 14.5%, for the positive control was 100%, and for the negative control was 0%. The results of probit analysis of LC90 of papaya peel extract amounted to 48.501 and LT50 at the fastest killing concentration of 0.16 mg/ml was 59.017 hours. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that papaya peel extract (Carica papaya L.) can kill Aedes albopictus mosquito larvae.
Aedes albopictus, Biolarvicide, Extract papaya peel, Dengue
Copyright (c) 2025 Nidha Luthfiana Fawziah, Nur Mahdi, Andi Zsazsa Rafiatul Muklis, Deni Setiawan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
FORMULATION OF LIQUID BATH SOAP WITH PALM LEAF EXTRACT
Among the world's top producers of palm oil are Indonesia (47,000), Malaysia (19000), Thailand (3450), and Colombia (1,800). Because it contains bioactive substances like flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, tannins, and saponification, palm oil waste—more especially, palm fronds—has antioxidant potential and can be used as a raw material to make liquid soap and other cosmetics. Through testing of Indonesian National Standard (SNI) parameters, including the organoleptic test, pH, moisture content, free fatty acids, viscosity, and specific gravity, this study seeks to ascertain if the formula of palm leaf liquid soap has a good stability concentration. In order to test the SNI parameters on the stability of the liquid soap preparation on days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28, this study used an experimental method with variations of three concentrations of palm leaf extract, namely F1 2%, F2 4%, and F3 6%. The pH and specific gravity tests were conducted using the One Way ANOVA method because the results were normally and homogeneously distributed. Since the data for the viscosity and free fatty acid tests were not normally distributed, the Kruskal Wallis method was applied. The formulations F1 2%, F2 4%, and F3 6% were reported to have no discernible effects or differences on days 1, 7, 21, and 28. Because the liquid bath soap formulation in this investigation produced fewer than 15% free fatty acids, it was determined that it did not meet the SNI requirements for liquid bath soap. The free fatty acid test did not satisfy the SNI requirements, despite the pH, specific gravity, and viscosity tests meeting the SNI parameters for liquid bath soap.
Leaves; Palm Oil; Liquid Soap Formulation; Stability
Copyright (c) 2025 Titin Maulida, Nur Mahdi, Raisha Hamiddani Syaiful (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
FORMULATION AND EFFECTIVENESS TEST OF ANTISEPTIC LIQUID HAND WASHING SOAP PREPARATION FROM TARO LEAF ETHANOL EXTRACT (Colocasia esculenta)
The use of natural ingredients as active ingredients with antibacterial activity for making hand soap is still very little. The researcher is interested in conducting research on the formulation and effectiveness test of antiseptic liquid hand soap preparations from ethanol extract of taro leaves (Colocasia esculenta). The extraction process using 70% ethanol solvent at a ratio of 1:10 for 3x24 hours. Phytochemical screening tests were carried out by testing flavonoid compounds, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids. We prepared a Liquid Hand Washing Soap from Taro Leaf Extract (Colocasia esculenta) using a standard formula with three concentrations. Antiseptic Effectiveness Test of Liquid Hand Washing Soap. The method used is the zigzag method. The extraction results obtained were 21.10 grams or 14.06%. The results of the phytochemical screening test were only steroids that showed negative results. Preparation of liquid handwashing soap with concentrations of ethanol extract from taro leaves at 4%, 6%, and 78% can reduce the number of colonies by 30.9%, 51.9%, and 52.5%, respectively.
Copyright (c) 2025 Elvita Nurwahdini, Nur Mahdi, Ani Agustina (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EFFECTIVENESS TEST OF LARVACIDE FROM COCOR BEBEK LEAF EXTRACT (Kalanchoe pinnata L.) ON Aedes albopictus MOSQUITO LARVAE
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a disease transmitted by female mosquitoes of the species Aedes aegypti, but sometimes also by Aedes albopictus, which has spread worldwide recently. The goal of this study was to find out how well Kalanchoe pinnata L. (life plant) leaf extract killed Aedes albopictus mosquito larvae. This study used 600 Aedes albopictus larvae in an experimental laboratory setting with a control group that only took the post-test. There were 6 treatment groups: Manila tamarind leaf extract concentrations of 0.2 mg/ml, 0.4 mg/ml, 0.6 mg/ml, and 0.8 mg/ml; a positive control group with temephos; and a negative control group with distilled water. Observations were conducted 24 hours after treatment, with larval mortality counted every hour. The probit analysis indicated that the LC90 for Kalanchoe pinnata L. leaf extract was 12.779 mg/ml, and the LT50 at 0.8 mg/ml, which was the concentration that killed the most quickly, was 48,058 hours. The results show that an extract from Kalanchoe pinnata L. leaves can kill Aedes albopictus mosquito larvae.
Aedes albopictus, biolarvicide, Kalanchoe pinnata L.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sindi Ahmayanti, Nur Mahdi, Andi Zsazsa RM (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Formulation of Form Gel Peel Off Mask from Ethanol Extract of Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis L. Leaves
Cosmetics made from synthetic materials can cause side effects and damage the natural shape of the skin. One of the cosmetics that can repair, care for facial skin, cleanse and moisturize the skin is a peel-off gel face mask. Hibiscus leaves have the potential to be antibacterial containing flavonoids, saponins and polyphenols. This study aims to determine the optimal formulation of a peel-off gel mask preparation of ethanol extract of Hibiscus leaves (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L) with concentrations of 40%, 60% and 80%. The method used is the Experimental method. The results of the evaluation test of the physical properties of the peel-off gel mask preparation showed that all formulas met the requirements for a good peel-off gel mask. Analysis of research data with one way ANOVA produced a pH test sig. 0.168> 0.05, a spread power test sig. 0.392> 0.05 showed no significant difference in each formula group while in the adhesion test sig. 0.000 < 0.05, drying time test 0.008 < 0.05, viscosity test 0.010 < 0.05 showed significant differences in each formula group. The peel-off gel mask formula of hibiscus leaf ethanol extract (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L) which has the most optimal physical properties of the preparation is a formula with a concentration of 80%.
Formulation, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L, Leaves, Characteristics, Peel off Gel Mask
Copyright (c) 2025 Intana Merdeka Sari, Nur Mahdi, Raisha Hamiddani Syaiful (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Test of the tonic effects of dragon fruit extract (cortice hylocereus polyrhizus) on white miice
Stamina is the body's resistance to fight fatigue within a certain time limit of a person's physical ability to survive at work. Dragon fruit skin contains flavonoid compounds, which have a tonic effect on male mice. This study aims to examine the tonic effect and the dosage used in male mice. We use the Natatory Exhaustion method to determine how drugs affect the coordinates of motion, especially when they reduce central nervous control. This research is an experimental research study. This study falls under the experimental research category. They were divided into 5 treatment groups: group I received Caffeine 100 mg/KgBB as a positive control, group II received Na-CMC as a negative control, and groups III, IV, and V received extract from dragon fruit peel (Cortice Hylocereus Polyhirzus) at doses of 750 mg/KgBB, 1000 mg/KgBB, and 1250 mg/KgBB. We administered oral treatments to each group. Next, observe the length of the mice's swimming duration. The test results data were analysed by the ANOVA analysis method. The results indicated that the extract from dragon fruit peel had a tonic effect on male mice, compared to positive and negative control doses. The three groups of dragon fruit peel extract had different swimming durations of 5.32 minutes, 5.45 minutes, and 5.92 minutes, respectively.
Tonic effect, caffeine, natatory exhaustion, dragon fruit skin
Copyright (c) 2025 Nurul Wahdah, Muhammad Riki Shindi Praristiya, Nur Mahdi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALGESIC POWER TEST OF MAHOGANY LEAF EXTRACT (Swietenia mahagoni) ON MALE MICE (Mus musculus. L)
Mahogany leaves (Swietenia mahagoni) have flavonoids in them that might help with pain by stopping the cyclooxygenase enzyme from working. The purpose of this study is to see if compounds from mahogany leaves (Swietenia mahagoni) can help relieve pain in mice that have been given acetic acid. This study used the chemical stimulation method (writhing). Twenty-five mice were divided into 5 treatment groups, namely group 1 was given Na-CMC as a negative control, group 2 was given paracetamol at a dose of 1.3 mg/20 gBW as a positive control, and groups 3, 4, and 5 were given mahogany leaf extract (Swietenia mahagoni) at a dose of 2.8 mg/20 gBW, 5.6 mg/20 gBW, and 11.2 mg/20 gBW. Each group was given treatment orally; 30 minutes later, the mice were injected with 1% acetic acid intraperitoneally. Additionally, researchers observed and counted the number of wriggles every 15 minutes for a duration of 90 minutes. This study shows that the ethanol extract of mahogany leaves (Swietenia mahagoni) at a dose of 11.2 mg/20 g BB with a 100% success rate can relieve pain.
Analgesic, mahogany leaves, Swietenia mahagoni, ethanol extract
Copyright (c) 2025 Linda Sari, Nur Mahdi, Ani Agustina (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0